Improved tuberculosis case detection through public-private partnership and laboratory-based surveillance, Kannur District, Kerala, India, 2001-2002.

BACKGROUND: Efforts to intensify global tuberculosis (TB) control are limited by difficulties in coordinating with private doctors. More than half of Indian TB patients may initially consult a private provider, but many are neither diagnosed accurately nor treated effectively. We established and evaluated a public-private partnership based on surveillance of TB detected in private laboratories and use of standardised directly observed treatment regimens. METHODS: In one district, the governmental TB control programme offered training in microscopy to all large private sector laboratories, and educated private physicians on the importance of microscopy for TB diagnosis. We reviewed records from participating private laboratories and all publicly diagnosed patients. RESULTS: Of 2328 pulmonary TB patients registered from July 2001 to December 2002, 404 (17%) were detected in the private sector. The annual new AFB-positive case notification rate increased by 21%, from 27.8/100,000 in 2000 to 33.5/100,000 in 2002. Surveillance at private laboratories found an additional 260 nonregistered AFB-positive patients. CONCLUSIONS: This public-private partnership substantially increased TB case detection and established a sustainable framework for private sector involvement in TB control. In the setting of a strong public sector programme, the combination of active surveillance of private laboratories along with physician sensitisation is a promising approach to improve TB case detection.     

2-Phenylindole and Arylsulphonamide: Novel Scaffolds Bactericidal against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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Biarylmethoxy Nicotinamides As Novel and Specific Inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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A novel dihydro phenylquinazolinone-based two-in-one colourimetric chemosensor for nickel(ii), copper(ii) and its copper complex for the fluorescent colourimetric nanomolar detection of the cyanide anion

Currently, considerable efforts have been devoted to the detection and quantification of hazardous multi-analytes using a single probe. Herein, we have developed a simple, environment-friendly colourimetric sensor for the sensitive, selective and rapid detection of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions using a simple organic Schiff base ligand L in methanol–Tris–HCl buffer (1 : 1 v/v, 10 mM, pH = 7.2). The probe L exhibited a binding-induced colour change from colourless to yellow and fluorescence quenching in the presence of both Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions. The interactions between L and the respective metal ions were studied by Job''s plot, electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. The limit of detection (LOD) of L towards Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ was calculated to be 7.4 × 10⁻⁷ M and 4.9 × 10⁻⁷ M, respectively. Furthermore, the L–Cu²⁺ complex could be used as a new cascade fluorescent-colourimetric sensor to detect CN⁻ ions with a very low level of detection (40 nM). Additionally, L could operate in a wide pH range, and thus was successfully applied for the detection and quantification of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ in environmental samples, and for building OR- and IMPLICATION-type logic gates.

A novel colorimetric chemosensor L has been developed for the detection of Ni²⁺ and Cu²⁺ ions. The obtained L–Cu²⁺ complex can be used as a new cascade fluorescent-colorimetric sensor for the nanomolar detection of CN⁻ ions. This chemosensor has practical application.     

Enhanced mechanical properties of hBN–ZrO2 composites and their biological activities on Drosophila melanogaster: synthesis and characterization

In this study, six compositions in the system [x(h-BN)–(100 − x)ZrO₂] (10 ≤ x ≤ 90) were synthesized by a bottom up approach, i.e., the solid-state reaction technique. XRD results showed the formation of a novel and main phase of zirconium oxynitrate ZrO(NO₃)₂ and SEM exhibited mixed morphology of layered and stacked h-BN nanosheets with ZrO₂ grains. The composite sample 10 wt% h-BN + 90 wt% ZrO₂ (10B90Z) showed outstanding mechanical properties for different parameters, i.e., density (3.12 g cm⁻³), Young''s modulus (10.10 GPa), toughness (2.56 MJ m⁻³), and maximum mechanical strength (227.33 MPa). The current study further checked the in vivo toxicity of composite 10B90Z and composite 90B10Z using Drosophila melanogaster. The composite 10B90Z showed less cytotoxicity in this model, while the composite 90B10Z showed higher toxicity in terms of organ development as well as internal damage of the gut mostly at the lower concentrations of 1, 10, and 25 μg mL⁻¹. Altogether, the current study proposes the composite 10B90Z as an ideal compound for applications in biomedical research. This composite 10B90Z displays remarkable mechanical and biological performances, due to which we recommend this composition for various biomedical applications.

In this study, six compositions in the system [x(h-BN)–(100 − x)ZrO₂], (10 ≤ x ≤ 90) were synthesized by a bottom up approach, i.e., the solid-state reaction technique.     

Food poisoning associated methemoglobinemia: Time to wake up

Dear editor,With interest we read the recent article on methemoglobinemia by Chan et al.[1]Through this letter,we would like to add few additional comments regarding methemoglobinemia and its relevance in medicine practice with regards to food poisoning.While Chan et al[1]successfully managed their patient of methemoglobinemia and could pinpoint choy sum as the responsible agent,we wonder if there were any more cases of choy sum related to methemoglobinemia detected at the same time in the community?     

Spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in Orissa, India

Five hundred and 20 cases (279 males; 241 females), referred for anemia, with a wide age range, from different parts of the state of Orissa, India, were investigated to evaluate the extent of the prevalence of hemoglobinopathies (sickle cell disorders and thalassemias) by analyzing the associated hemoglobin (Hb) profiles, Hb genotypes, as well as the clinical and hematological parameters. We found sickle cell trait (Hb AS) in 131 cases (62 males; 69 females), homozygous sickle cell anemia in 49 cases (34 males; 15 females) and Hb S-beta thalassemia (S-beta-thal) in 17 cases (nine males; eight females). There were also 46 cases (32 males; 14 females) of beta-thal major, 103 cases (51 males; 52 females) of beta-thal trait, six cases (four males; two females) of Hb E trait [beta26(B8)Glu-->Lys; GAG-->AAG], and 17 cases (12 males; five females) of Hb E-beta-thal (E-beta-thal). A large proportion of these anomalies were found among the general caste people rather than among the tribal population which constitutes 22% of the total population in this state. Hb E was found mainly in higher castes like Khandayat and Karan, residing in the coastal region of Orissa. This study provides comprehensive data on the spectrum of hemoglobinopathies in this state.     

Repeat Pulmonary Valve Replacement: Similar Intermediate-Term Outcomes With Surgical and Transcatheter Procedures

Objectives

This study compares 30-day, 1-year, and 3-year echocardiographic findings and clinical outcomes of transcatheter pulmonary valve-in-valve replacement (TPVR) and repeat surgical pulmonary valve replacement (SPVR).

Ruptured pulmonary artery aneurysm: a surgical emergency

Idiopathic pulmonary artery aneurysm rupture was diagnosed in a 79-year-old man who presented with a dry cough. He was considered unlikely to tolerate extensive pulmonary artery reconstruction or lung resection; hence, he was salvaged by timely ligation of the distal pulmonary artery at the origin of the aneurysm.